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A health maintenance organization (HMO) is a specific type of healthcare plan in the United States. Unlike traditional healthcare coverage, a health maintenance organization sets out guidelines under which doctors can operate and restrictions for which healthcare professionals the patients can use. On average, healthcare coverage through the use of an HMO costs less than comparable traditional health insurance, with a trade-off of limitations on the range of treatments that are available.The HMO has its roots in the early 20th century, when businesses began offering their employees prepaid medical programs under which their care was looked after as long as it fell within the scope of allowed procedures. This type of coverage did well throughout the mid-part of the 20th century, until its use began to decline in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In 1973, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services passed the Health Maintenance Organization Act, which encouraged and sometimes required certain businesses to include HMOs among the healthcare options that they offered to their employees.

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